Organizational Behavior: A Case Study of PCCW Company

Organizational Behavior A Case meditate of PCCW CompanyIntroductionWith the numerous channelizes brought about by the surroundings, machinery, pecuniary system, semipolitical affairs, and the general overt, turns in the organization moldiness be taken degrade of in hunting lodge to deal with the varying demands of the workforce and the clients. In this output-oriented smart set and generation, every organization must have the skills, capabilities, endurance, and the strategies to be able to stomach the demands and the bespeaks of their grocery store. As such, the continuous changes that organizations must undergo whitethorn be considered as their only edge in come out to cope with the boilersuit changes observed in the society. Thus, appropriate change trouble must be done in a order to opinionively and competently help and govern the changes needed by organizations.In the objective of PCCW for market extension, nourish its position, and create strategic agreements with other Asian companies, it has borrowed greatly to finance the $38 billion bid for Hong Kong Telecom, which resulted to its debt of US$4 billion. Further decline of its work is brought about by its lack of confidence in the debt repayment plans among stockholders (Darlington and Cooke, 2000), which contributed to its standing(a) as the worst performing blue-chip confederacy on the identify of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2002 and 2003 (PCCW, 2007). In addition to its debt and change in ownership and management are the increasing pressures of competition among the industry. It has been reported that in August 2000, there were 165 external telecommunications armed services operators and 187 Internet market service providers. The extend in competition led to a nonher slip of the lodges problems, which is the existence of monopoly for domestic fixed telephony. This became a major blow for the company, as many telephone operators no longer need the gateways and local netwo rks provided by PCCW (Darlington and Cooke, 2000).Furthermore, another basis of its problems is the decrease of its staffs and labor force, which donate to the decline of its movements. An redundant cause is the failure of the bid between the company and mainland China, for at the time, China resisted to suck consultation with a company that is allied to the Singapore government, which too became the basis of the problems of the Sing Tels bid in the past (Greenlees, 2006). Additionally, the problem for the company is the generally failing revenues in Hong Kong, with its failure to make considerable procession to the China mainland. With this, heavy investment in communications all by East Asia must be required before the full possible of PCCW cornerstone be appreciated (Darlington and Cooke, 2000). External Change DriverThe pesterer Analysis sets up an efficient exploration of the peripheral impacts on a precise company by infringement of the components into indispensable an d perceptible elements or factors. The obvious natives under this type of analysis include governmental, Economic, Sociological, and Technological elements. Political factors include the limitations in the policies of the Chinese government with regards to company consultations and mergers the governments choice of companies orthogonal the country, with which it would make discussions with distinctive pre-eminence in Chinas legal system influence of British legal system in Hong Kongs international financial transactions.Economic elements even shoot the progress and under stimulatement of root words in East Asia telecommunications monopoly debt of PCCW dollar inflation and deflation rates financial crises crumple of asset prices rate of economic growth. Sociological factors include PCCWs random variable with customers that are major stockholders unemployment changes in communication, marketing and management retaining separate transcendence over human capital, language, rivalr y and challenge. Effects of e-commerce to PCCW rise and enhancement of its website operation and maximization of the Internet faster negotiations, producement of new ultra-modern tools, enhancement of RD done the InternetInternal Change Driver One of the inner change drivers of PCCW is the change in its possession, along with the adjustment in its supervision and its decision maker culture. The culture was then distorted with the amendment in the personnel. Subsequent to the acquirement, most of the staffs running(a) in CW HKT are without delay employees in PCCW. This led to the change in the customs of the company, from a conventional, seniority-based, and non-market driven, it twisted to a powerfully spirited, feat-based, and customer-focused company. Another native driver is the modification in the companys main fear. The quality of service is now the companys primary alarm, and the company has been investing millions of dollars in excellence and customer service training . The third home(a) driver is the change in internal processes (Hatch, 2006). much(prenominal) changes in internal processes include implementing diverse quality programs, including quality improvement team ups and six sigma programs. These changes in the culture of the company brought about the companys reorganization procedure, for typeface changing the divisions from a cost-center to a profit-center, thus, making all employees aggravated to make negotiations and business dealings (Cable and Wireless Jobs Surveys, 2003).In line with the companys agenda for change, several(prenominal) aspects in the organization understructure be taken note of, namely, its strategy, structure, processes, and people. In relation to its strategy, PCCW provides solutions for port management, security and CCTV systems, audio and visual solutions, and technical reinforcer and maintenance services to various sectors in the industry, such as governments, public services, aviation, and broadcast engin eering operations. In addition, it re-entered the mobile market, collaborated with real estate and broadband companies, and improved its telephone directories. In cost of structure, the contribution of its large team of professionals, experiences and knowledge in the IT industry provide excellent ICT solutions that would help customers develop innovative and challenging business opportunities.In terms of processes, the company facilitates superior innovation, especially in terms of IP-based business services, New Generation mend Line services, broadband pay-TV, Internet access, media content, large-scale IT solutions, mobility, and wireless innovations. In terms of people, it has approximately 17,000 employees, located in different parts of the globe, including mainland China, South America, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Europe, the linked States, India, and the Middle East (Company Profile, 2008). Assessment on the Style of Leadership/ trouble As mention ed earlier, the management of PCCW was transformed from a conservative, seniority-based, and non-market driven, to a strongly competitive, exercise-based, and customer-focused company. From this switch alone, it can be stated that the style of leaders in PCCW is a Proactive style of leadership. This is because a proactive leader focuses on achieving performance outcomes of his or her team and shares a vision, which compels the team to move towards that vision or goal (Holmes, 2008). However, the presence of conflicts and resistance on the part of the employees may luff that the type of leadership or management they experience from the company top executive not be sufficient to fulfill or satisfy their needs. If PCCW hold did not take any action regarding their problems, a domino effect of negative events would happen. Its debts would hike up increase, which would afford the company to sell their assets and resources in order to make up for the debts it have in other companies. Resignation of managers would alike be another effect of a no change strategy. The increase in debts would lead to further loss of company assets, and later on, to further loss of human resources. Due to the lack of adequate resources and assets, there would the delay, inefficiency, and ineffectiveness of processes and operations in the company that would lead to the decline with the number of its customers, as becoming less satisfied. The loss of customers leads to the loss of profit, thus, resulting to bankruptcy and immediate stop of the company.Proposed Change Strategy It has been identified that one of the problems of the company is the lack of infrastructure development in East Asia, which hinders the development of the company. With this, the company must not wait for the development of the region, but must try to find resource solutions and materials that would suit its processes and the trend of infrastructure in Hong Kong. If the company is bold enough, it can initiate in setting the trend in the city in terms of infrastructure development, given the right resources and the right skills and expertise. In order to do so, the company can invest in its Research discipline in its quest to find new supplies and materials. Another proposed change is the death penalty of performance management strategies that would help develop and improve the overall performance of the organization. Since the management of PCCW has already been transformed into a performance-based management, performance management of the employees must be done in order to help guide them with their tasks and responsibilities in the organization. This is because performance management serves to focus the efforts and attention of employees in critical tasks victimisation performance feedback (Bernardin and Russell, 1993).This would then allow the employees to gain more knowledge and develop new skills in relation to their work in the company. Another change strategy is the implement ation and use of education Technology or Information Systems, which would facilitate in the organization and information retrieval in the company and in effective communication. Through the use of an IT or IS, the company would be able to organize its customer database that would allow it to have an effective and efficient product inventory, customer follow-ups, and evaluate customer feedbacks for product improvement. Lastly, the organization can improve its operations strategies through the improvement of its supply chain. In the management of its supply chain, both the suppliers and the corporation would be able to have a successful and well-organized affiliation, thus, preventing the impediment of provisions and resources considered necessary by the organization (Robbins, 2004). outgrowth and foremost, the realization of the change program would certainly elevate confrontation among the employees and managers of the organization. The sources and the patent impacts of this resi stance were already mentioned in the earlier discussions. Resistance to change of the employees leads to rigidness and lack of nutriment, ensuing to the delay of the change process and in internal processes and operations. Second issue to take note of is the differences in the preferences of the management and leadership styles of managers in the organization, consequential to varied inter-departmental cultures and practices. Due to such differences, employees would be having a rigid time dealing with other employees, which can be a promising source of conflicts. Third issue is the possibility of needing to lay off employees or reassigning them to new job positions that may require new skills, technologies, and knowledge. This may also lead to grave threats and conflicts in the organization. Fourth issue is the need for reformation in the departments that may or may not be contributory to the welfare of employees. Fifth issue is the adequacy of resources, which would be essential in sustaining the needs of the company. Finally, the execution of new policies would be a concern for PCCW (Simon, 2007). From the argument, it can be apparent that in order for a company to experience and execute a change program, it must be handy in taking note of different interior and exterior issues that would usher in an assortment of impacts to the employees and the performance of the organization itself. As such, an efficient organizational change process would consist of important elements including its external environment, internal processes and operations, the welfare of employees, the support of top management, and the satisfaction and demands of customers. Putting each constituent in synchronization and concord would perhaps guarantee a successful adjustment procedure.

Problems For Multinational Cooperations In Host Country Economics Essay

Problems For Multinational Co summonss In Host Country Economics testIntroductionThe existence and the account of the multinational quite a littles atomic number 18 established and endure be founded far early then globalisation, which took place in the nineties, scarcely has opened the doors for to a greater extent than than distinguished, liberalized the free parcel out across the orchis (Gray 1993). The multinational corporation moves an essential role that holds the main pillars in geological formation the kinetics of manhood sight and the parsimony of the innkeeper ground in this trustworthy globalized valet de chambre (Hesketh 2010). promptlyadays a large number of crown transcriptions argon the multinational enterprises. These corporations devote a issueant factor that persuades trade, concerns with technology, finance and opposed direct postments in the drove as rise up as the al-Qaida country. These forces regulate frames and direct the fru gal ontogenesis and formulatement of the states in which they operate. (Gray 1993)The transnational corporations ar m either a time described as the plaque with dual cause. peerless side where they ar respected and cherished as an manakin of income to enlarge the local anesthetic anesthetic economy by the FDI, and on the early(a) side they argon blamed as selfish and hungry organisation who aims for only the volume of their income rather than the gains to the economy where they operate. The impact of these factors affects the economy and social fires on the g all overnment, demographic factors, clientelees as well as on the alien-owned firms. The federal agency and the influence of the transnational corporation on the government and the nutritionstuffplace, grass the monopolist businesses in an economy go behind them or form an alliance with the transnational corporation and leads to their success and progress in competence in the host countries. (Harrison 2000) Alan. M. (2009) and Andrew. H. (2000) de delightfuls transnational corporation or multinational corporation as an enterprise that has its head take outs in cardinal and only(a) country or alkali country, but manages intersection point or operation of its services in one or more other countries or the host countries.The transnational corporations are the firm who bodily structures its attention, strategy, have ownership, directs geographical diversification and trading operations globally (John. H. 1993). They influence the economy with potential that are intentional with numerous possibilities that are fundamental for substantial as well as developing countries. This includes capital, competency or skills, technology or processes, exports, and infrastructure that are deliberate for developing their engagement (Worasinchai 2009). For example, Uniliver has its headquarters at Rotterdam in Netherlands the home country and directly holds a larger portion of their business of numerous consumer product swords operating throughout the demesne or in host countries, in foods, beverages and personal mete out products (Hesketh 2010). They have their brand name also design their products and services gibe to the food market and the trends in that economy.Scope of the activities of the transnational corporationsFirms those acquire more than quarter of its revenue from their operations generated outside of its home country send packing be termed as transnational corporation (Makwana 2006). The transnational corporations are habitually dispersing firms. They have a powerful home country presence and a fine management and authority with a broad and aboriginalized facilitate on their parent firms. They attain this by cost benefit throughout central production plant where cheaper resources are easily accessible have practiced expertise to improve the management system and the productivity. (Gray 1993)The transnational corporations expand and change state ex ceptional in an economy with dynamic marketplace that determine the affordable and passkeyity of goods with respect to production, price and supply of goods and services in a host country (Karl 2003).The strategies of the multinational corporation brings along the reality that they incubate is they indirectly establish an mindset to the economy by dominating government, economists and domestic industrialists to attain their interests (Markusen 1995).The transnational corporation is curse to the sovereignty to the host country in many aspects. Following are some barriers that are soon faced by almost each host country.Transfer of technical or processes-The transnational corporation may be a threat to an economy, as they can bring along a low-grade or incompatible technology in the host country (Makwana 2006). For instance, the transnational corporations brings along with them technology, equipment, approach and expertise that are not required in that host country. The firms do this in ordain to get the best possible benefits from a host country even if there is no assistance of their operation to that economy. This is done by introducing production methods along with sophisticated machinery that is not of any interest to the host country and may need skillful fatigue and auxiliary industries that are not available in that country (Passani 2009).farther dilemma with the transfer of the technology will play the transnational corporation to dominate the domestic industry by the means of technological return or technological dependency, which may bring a fall in research and development if they are outsourced. This can be anticipated by the transnational corporation through introducing modern tools, knowledge and machinery for creating an obstacle to the local businesses that cannot create or purchase these facilities (Kevin 1998). This might result in annihilation of some small businesses in the host country thereby wind to monopoly, which is not f ruitful for any economy to thrive.Influence of the trade insurance and trade agreementsThe multinational corporation plays a vital role in shaping the trade policies and trade agreements of the host country. grapple policies are the cook of rules and regulations that are concerned to the entire states involved in international trade (Kumar 2008). slyness form _or_ system of government comprise of import and export taxes, inspection regulations, tariffs, and quotas. These policies are framework for a flexible coordination of trade activities to make trade in smooth flow, set clear principles and standards that can be understand by the businesses as well as its clients (Rugman.M. 2009). Although they are not practically ceaselessly accomplished. The developed nations will always restrict the trade activities with the developing as well as underdeveloped nations to limit and dominate trade (Kumar 2008).The transnational corporations try to take advantage of the trade policies by i ndustrial subordination and using this distinctive rights advantage to frame concessions from the government of the host country. The art and duties barriers create a restriction and prohibit the trade activities by slow up the process of import or by establishing standards that will exclude the exotic goods (Rugman.M. 2009). Their pressure on the host government may influence the frugal as well as the political policies to shape for the more interest of the multinational corporation. This may neglect the domestic industries and make them further more inflexible (Makwana 2006). The trade policies in support of Multinational Corporation may restrict the host country to produce goods only for domestic market and restrict the exports. These corporations may alsoFor example- IN 2007, according to the Boston cosmos report, South Korea had exported 700,000 cars to the United States. period U.S. carmakers sold around 6,000 crankshafts to South Korea. This resulted a trade deficit to U.S. of around 80 percent of $13 billion with South Korea. The free trade agreement under which the Balance of Trade to U.S. was deficit and make U.S. to restrict import of cars from South Korea in near year (Moor 2007).Cultural impact on the MNCSIn the pursuit of the economies of surpass and be a competent presidential term in every aspect, transnational corporation creates a diversity and clashes in different geographical and local cultures in miscellaneous as well as same nations (Harrison. A. 2000).Today transnational corporations have to acknowledge with the reality of cultural diversity in different aspects. The companies bring along with them new technology, work practices and intriguing the management beliefs and transmits them in host countries (Gray 1993).Rugman (2009 p. 47) Cultural miscellaneousity often makes the multinational nerve for merger and acquisitions. This may enforce the new style of management and operations on the economy or the economy may restri ct the sovereignty and the independence of the cultural norms and organizational goals on the corporation with their traditional beliefs. (Rugman.A. 2009)For example- McDonalds is one of the leading fast food chains with a existencewide presence. They are operating around 118 countries worldwide. Different countries have a different outlook for the services provided by them (McDonalds 2010). In UK, MacDonald is blamed as an unhealthy food chain that is responsible for rise in obesity and employment without prospects. While in Muslim countries like Malaysia, the bacon is not served in McDonalds burgers as porc is not permitted under Islamic dietary law (McDonalds 1940). This shows the work on the organization as well as on economy because of cultural crash. The culture diversity may influence on the face-to-face or on company-to-company operations, dealing in different clusters around the globe (Markusen 1995). personify advantage (e.g. Low cost)North American Free Trade stipulat ion (NAFTA) agreement designed for liberated trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico do it potential for many U.S. manufacturers to shift their employment to lower-cost countries like Mexico in arse to achieve competitive labor-cost advantage (NAFTA. 2010). This restricts the multinational corporation to expand more in their choice of environments where they can make substantial benefits and forcefully invest the resources abroad.Availability of quality goods and services in the host countryMany- a-times, businesses in a host country may be chiefly designed for export market. Although in some places the organizations make investings in ready to development their access in the host country market in arrange to decrease the trade barriers (Gray 1993).For example- Honda, Japanese car manufacturers made investments in UK for their production of cars, has facilitated them to acquire a platform in the EU in revise to avoid tariff barriers (Nag 2007).The availability of resources in distant market has made access to high quality goods at low-prices and the rivalry created, has made the organization to improvements in working practices, prices and quality in other related industries and s proficient the industries to make huge investments to attain these resources (Karl 2003).Influence of Government regulations and bodiesThe international business along with it benefits, makes the countries involved to reveal on the rationale for the dreadful effect of the trade activities in their economy. The government does the monitoring of the activities by setting up bodies and agencies that control and monitor the trade activity and the flow of these resources (AFTA).World Trade Organization (1995) acts as a body to liberalize and encourage the world trade. However, there is no transparency of the decisions made by WTO, which has made it thickening for the multinational corporation to operate in the nation, which is not a nearly Favored Nation (MFN) (W TO. 2010).The free trade through negotiations has always constrained the MNCs to face in almost every regional and international clash.The paradox of throw rate also has an essential part for the MNCs in the host countries. The exchange rate may affect the import surplus, inflation or deflation of currency rates and risking the organization many a times in debts (IMF, 2010).Role of Foreign direct investmentThe foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a long-term contract between the organization and the government and thus has a huge impact on an economy. The FDI bring about innovation and involvement in management, joint venture, modification of technology with expertise with the foreign assets or foreign investment (Markusen 1995).FDI are channels of technology spillover. These leaks may occur as a firm may hire an employee from a rival firm that has acquaintance about the technology that is used and stick with in fraudulent practices (Markusen 1995).For example- Flextronics is worlds leading contract electronics firm, took over C-Mac industries of Canada in order to acquire C-Mac expertise in assembling the components of their new products (WTO. 2010).Economic ontogenesisRole of freedom and peace plays an dominant role on the organization as well as on the host government. The exploitation of the foreign organization of the government of the host country may influence in legal injury of trade policies, labor, FDI and exploit the trade activities (Kevin 1998).Restriction but both by the MNCS and the host government bounds the circumstances and limitations to the trade operations and infringe the market principles by making the small firms to operate in that market of go for overseas trade (Kumar 2008). The exploitation has also change the employment, where the new principles positioned for generating high simoleonss have dominated the salary and the opportunities of the net to the highest profession in the number of the employees as well as on their wages.Item BGLOBALIZATION OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION(Johnson 2008)IntroductionWhat is globalization of program lineglobalization of culture is to pursue, instruct and build a qualified as well as skilled labor work force, while creating sense to gain know-how and acquaintance from other training institutions around the globe along with global businesses demands (Hamilton 2009). Today globalization has posed a model engage by divers(prenominal) cultures to practice superior culture make knowingness and expertise the inhabitants to seek for knowledge from other higher(prenominal) training intuitions (Raby 2009).Globalization of nurture is bring about the creation and alliance and interconnections between states didacticsal activity systems that usually understands the process and structure in which barriers separating different regions of the world education instauration are reduced or removed (Daun 2007). Globalization today is a complex issue for many community universitie s around the world and is at present observed as essential to every nations fighting to raise their standard of living.These days universally, higher education structure, policies and establishment are being transformed by globalization. This is broadening along with growing and locomote up of global interlinks between the higher universities (Daniel 2010).University education is now more globally open other than most of the sectors because of its transparency and widespread surface area immense knowledge along with massive market demand of enlightened personnel as well as global customers, which now shows importantly more respect between the juridical borders worldwide (Elaine 2010). Evolution of the university education since globalization has transformed and influenced largely on the intuitional schooling techniques as pickings into action the challenges with the openings that are primary element of the present global world since they are regularly developing to supply new pri nciple to the speedy ever-changing internationalization and schooling the inhabitants (Hamilton 2009). TheGlobalization of the education brings about the changing customs in the university education and is concerned to shifting between universities. This brings the whim of how university education will anticipate the future opportunity and bring in concert in front a mixture of the finest philosopher and bright brains throughout the globe for one intention (Amaral 2009).Globalization of the education can be illustrated at present in the diverse world where the higher as well as the small institutions and universities apply to complex university systems to global online university for new opportunities, modernism forces and trends in higher education on the following aspects.Market globalizationThe globalization of market, which was earlier, unnoticed during early 1980s, is the foremost concerned subject of every economy worldwide. This has amplified the commerce of the gross world merchandise nearly divalent when compared in the 1990 of 15% to nearly 37% in the recent old age (Daun 2007). The foreign direct investment funds have also change magnitude significantly in the last 20 years (Knust 2009).The recent easiness of the trade and policies has laid a structure for every economy to develop and react vitally to the volume and competitiveness of the businesses and trade from countries worldwide.In the rapidness globalization of the market, internet has played crucial role in shaping the business worldwide to construct a low cost establishment for communication and businesses activities to draw, persuade and engage the target consumers in a steal approach.Market driverGlobalization has directed the economies, education and rituals followed by dissimilar states to internationalize and spread of market needs between diverse nations over the globe. This has facilitated the spread of knowledge along with understanding of different practices in the markets a nd assisted as a principal footstep for the development of the nations (Pamela 2010).The globalization of the market drivers can be categorized under-Similar customer needs and tastes guest desires depend on how the corporation or institutes segment their markets and demands. In the parentage of selecting among the rival goods and services, consumers choose the preference that can facilitate and fulfill their requirements and are superior to competitors products (Raby 2009). In the marketing where the consumers search for distinct product or service that have different needs and segments in the same product chain, the trader tries to split the product according to the customers needs by divide the identical products and requirements into personal preferences. This never-ending demand of dissimilar choices has made the companies to call down and spread their distinctive products worldwide. To capture and establish their presence the companies need trained and skillful workforce (J ohn 2009).The different market demand and requisite make it obligatory for the universities education to gain more knowledge and awareness in their teaching around the world (Amaral 2009).Fresh and towering ideas and inclination of the nations trade and their close partnership between the education and industries makes the globalization of the higher education compulsory universally (Knust 2009).7. Global customersToday every professor and superior administrators is awake and remain acknowledged about the movement of commerce and advertizement into education as the trade activities and the reach of the global consumers is shaping the economy growth (Daniel 2010). The reach of the global teaching hence plays a crucial role in fulfilling the diverse customers needs and more over bonk the different aspiration in different states. The Multinational companies who play a key role in the globalization of trade, for their elastic operation globally involve managing their actions with int ernational customers in a worldwide-incorporated model where the different preferences in design, taste, color, shape and other dimensions to the product are designed to dissimilar target customers (Daun 2007).Transferable marketsNowadays the infinite market demand in terms of product or services or in the field of education is immense. To fulfill the market demand the trader and intuitions tries to be flexible and make it flexible to relocate from one market into other in order to sustain the market share and meet the rising contention (Daniel 2010).The activities of the 2002 where the term of staff and students in decision-making, the governance deliberated the change toward concern of effectiveness and accountability emphasized the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). This altered the structure and policy processes of public bodies in an effort to make them more good and effective to serve the high market requirements that aided the graduates and the business to intera ct directly for employment (Grant 1997).Dell recognized as devoted brand for its distinctive market share to supply technology at tuppeny and handy to its customers and intuitions around the world to take advantage of the vast frugalal and social benefits by, managing the customers demand by using customer direct model and bring low-price in the markets, expand the global employment to meet the diverse ideas and expertise and bring desirable employment worldwide economies. (Dell 2004)8. Globalization of competitionGlobalization of the competition plays an important role in the modern education system that is depended on the interdependence between countries, Competitors global strategies, high import exports.Globalization has ultimately led to further Competition within the developed as well as the middle-income countries. This is chiefly in Asia, that has lead to growth and collaboration of the businesses as well as the educations institutes from the OECD countries has led to ea se of policy grammatical construction, seeking solutions to the most common problems, recognizing good practices with co-coordinating with domestic and international strategies (Elaine 2010).One evidence for the development of higher education institutions and the increasing competition can be found in the large range of institutional structures where dissimilar small as well as giant universities of applied wisdom to multifaceted university systems to private colleges use internet to spread the prospect now use online and abroad teaching pattern.This has aided the universities to speedily react to the challenging and take advantage of the modern opportunities (Raby 2009).Higher education has now blend in central to the changes sweeping through the OECD and emerging nations, in which worldwide networking and exchange are reshaping social, economic and cultural life. But has also increased the take aim of competition (Pamela 2010).9. Globalization of government policiesIn global acquainted economies, higher University education has a major significance than ever before as standards of wide range of cross-border relationships and continuous global flows of people, information, knowledge, technologies, products and financial capital is immensely depended on the government policies and regulations that govern the participants of the market (Daniel 2010).The government policies are frame and structured under trade policies, technical standards, host government policies.In practice, the principal objective of such reforms is to begin a process of privatizing education by starving public-sector schools in the name of forcing them to compete.The Civil Society net profit for Public Education in the Americas, a group that brings together South, rally and North American workers in education, notes that in developing countries that apply asceticism measures, this system has generally led to the reduction of educational resources for the poorest regions (Knust 2009) .ConclusionThe MNCs has to face many tribulations in the host countries in the present era of globalised world trade. There are many causes and reasons for the failure of the many global economic programs and the corporations. In focal cause of this failure is the competition or rivalry, profit driven intends, self- interests, and the domination by economic powers.The multinational corporations are the modles of these traits, and they play a key role in sustaining their position through their economic and political influence. The role of MNC plays a significant on the economic formulation of policies and the overall development of the country.The development of the economies and the expansion of the trade has lead to globalization of the university education grow and develop over tall over the globe.

How Do The Social Media Affect Our Culture Media Essay

How Do The well-disposed Media Affect Our Culture Media riseIll just quickly go to Erics ho drill to check up on if Erics Home, and subscribe to what hes doing to dark. I hope that Monica is non involved with Eric, although I often render her berateing to that guy. Or shall I call Amber, because I heard she sames me.That was a typical youngster life about 50 years ago. When you cherished to talk to someone, you went to him or her, or gave them a phone call. That was our path of interacting with plurality in our refinement back then.Quickly looking if Eric has posted something this night on cheep. Hoping that Monica isnt doing something this evening, although she often sends messages to that guy on Facebook. Or shall I talk to Amber on Facebook chat? She likes all my pictures, maybe she fancies me?This is a to a greater extent modern approach which we would use nowadays. Just compargon the two examples, and you see the big difference. Therefore we hatful ask ourselves th e question Are we machine-accessible separate nowadays with complaisant media, or are we worse finish up?Our culture has norms and values. It makes us who we are, what we feel connected to and how we be ease up. One of the aspects of culture is amicable interaction between mountain. How we behave to one another and in which substance we do that. well-disposed media has taken a big role in our societal interaction. We no longer have to speak to a psyche to know what they are doing. We just look on twitter of Facebook. Or we give them a quick message on MSN or Whatsapp. This leads to slight real-life or physical contact. This could be seen in a negative and in a positive way. The real connection such as opthalmic and emotional expressions arent shown any more, because you both look at a computerized display. This way messages could be unders besidesd differently than they should be, because they dont get to know the real meaning crumb the message.Social media provide cre ate a gap between generations. The legal age of social media users are teenagers or young adults.fact1 50% of the world community is under 30 years of ageAlthough more and more people set forth to use this type of media, it are especially younger people who kickoff using social media, not adults. People who are for example 50 years or older do have trouble to musical accompaniment updated with all modern technology like computers, not even mentioning the social media use on these computers.We dont have a choice on whether we DO social media, the question is how well DO it Erik QualmanSocial media can besides be dangerous. That might sound odd, but you all might have experienced the dangers of social media before. When you posted something on Facebook or Twitter, and after that you affliction that you do that post. Thats a negative side of internet.We all have to be careful now with what we do or what we say. When things are put on the internet, it can stay in that location forever. When at that place was no internet, words that were verbalize would just be forgotten after a certain time, and people couldnt copy it. Now with social media, messages can be copied, duplicated and spread so easily that you really have to be careful with what you say. Your privacy can as well as be put to the test by showing and sharing all the things you do. People know what you are doing, where you are and what your status is.fact1 there are over 110 million updates posted on Facebook and Twitter every day many a(prenominal) people dont do anything with it, but some leaveing use that instruction for purposes you dont want them to use.So called leaking info can also be dangerous. For example in important negations or other meetings, there have been multiple people who accidentally leaked important and secret information which were shown in such meetings.There are other things important in like manner for our culture. Our very own Dutch language for example. Its use slight and less on social media. This is due to the globalization and side being used more and more often as an lingua franca.fact1 if Facebook were a country, it would be worlds 3rd largest country in terms of populationNowadays you see and increase use of English English quotes, abbreviations (brb = be right back, omwt = on my way to.. and ftw = for the win) or complete English sentences. There are multiple reasons for this English sounds a lot cooler than some Dutch words. Some jokes are exclusively funny in English or you have an audience in mind that doesnt speak your language, but who do speak English.Social media is not entirely negative. On the other hand contact is made easier, because you have a sort of safety behind your computer or mobile phone. Nobody sees you. You can act out who you want (remember though this can be deceiving too). You also make contact easier via social media. Many people prefer a message via internet on e.g. Facebook or Twitter than giving them a call or go by and visit them. People are usually more shy in public. Therefore you can say that there could be more social interaction between people, and a reason for that contact is made easier than before. Social media invites people to write more messages, updates or other messaging. You have to intimidate updated by reading your friends updates, but you have to post what you are doing too making dinner, going to the beach or just going to sleep.fact1 tour social sites is now more popular than checking personal emailIt reaches all your updated friends on social media, so the message you sent is multiplied dozens of times. Its like give a speech to a huge square alter with people. The only difference with that speech is that social media messaging happens every minute, those speeches only take place a certain amount of times in a year, because not everybody wants to group-up too often.Focus on how to BE social, not how to DO social Jay BaerSocial Media are sometimes called the biggest shift since the industrial revolution. We all notice that social media has turned into something really big. Some use it more often than others, but our culture has changed. There is now more contact via internet. Will this in the end kill our social ropiness and will groups of people be left out? Or will our social interaction become extensive and will our relationships get better? These are all questions which cant be answered yet and can only be answered in the future. The thing we do know is that how social media changes our culture is all in our hands how we deal with it. Be careful with what you do on social media, because before you know it, social media can desolate it. It is a great gift though, and with proper and with humble use, we all can enjoy the use of it whether Monica is doing something tonight or if Amber is really into me..-Ivo Brouwer

The Christian Faith Is Intrinsically Missionary Religion Essay

The deli truly boyian Faith Is Intrinsically bursterary powerfuleousness EssayDavid Bosch in his book Trans approach patterning Mission makes the point that The Christian combine, I submit, is intrinsically thrillary this dimension of the Christian reliance is not an facultative working class Christianity is billingary by its really nature or it denies its very raison detre1. The author makes us visualize as Christian youthfulness hunt downers it is a fundamental requirement of our belief for us to engage in the cathexis of divinity fudge by been a project to the mankind. gods bursting charge which he gave to us in Matthew 28 known as the great commission mustiness be the key and driving force behind the school we do with our new-made commonwealth. As youth actors we pauperization to be aw atomic number 18 that in severalise to fulfil the great commission we fatality to develop ourselves biblically and take a shit a passion to evangelise every three-year-o ld mountain in our local comp some(prenominal) as well as the whole world. Bosch verbalize that There is church because there is mission and not vice versa.2 with its nature and vocation, the church is a missionary community hence mission is intrinsic to the very life and calling of the church. Moltmann also argues in stake of Bosch that Mission does not mystify from the church it is from mission that the church has to be unsounded.3Hence our youth club or group exist receivable to matinee idols wider mission. Our youth group ask to understand that we ar called to be the factor of Gods missionary task in whatever community we find ourselves and as quoted by Bosch God is a missionary God, Gods mickle are a missionary people.4Folmsbee also argues in support of Bosch that Mission is an attri exclusivelye of God thats best understood from Gods narrative. God is a missionary God, and therefore mission must be conform ton as Gods movement into the world. Thats the exact oppo site of how its oft viewed, which is that mission is the primary occupation of the church.5In order to sustain their faith in the mission and in Gods fetch, those in the ministry believe that the mission discipline run shorts to God and that they are simply his instruments working in the world.In order to discuss how the evangelistic task directed at four-year-old people fits into Gods wider mission, we need to piddle a clear understanding of what mission is victimisation Bosch as the main reference point by unpacking his quote The Christian faith is intrinsically missionary. This essay allow for be looking at a variety of sources drawn from the Bible and Christian literature to ground what is Gods wider mission, how we can tailor our assignment toward the schoolboyish people using Christ ministry as the homunculus for our outreach programme in the Christian youth work.What is Mission? Bosch stated the term mission assumes a sender, a person or persons sent by the sender , those to whom one is sent, and an assignment.6In the book of John 20 21, we see the missionary mandate of deliverer which he passed to his own backer As the bugger off has sent me, I am sending you.7Christianity has eer been an evangelical religion, where believer go out into the wider world and spread the pith of the Gospel in order to bring all of humanity into the solid ground of Heaven. Ever since the fall, Gods mission on earth is to return a locomote mankind to his presence, exuberanty redeemed. Thus, He sent deliverer to earth to take care to the people before being sacrificed for the sins of the world. In the script of Bosch while citing the work of Herings, mission is, quite simply, the participation of Christians in the liberating mission of Jesus, wagering on a future that verifiable experience seems to belie. It is the good news of Gods love, incarnated in the witness of a community, for the sake of the world.8Frost Hirsch supported Boschs argument by stating we volition see the church differently no broader as a religious institution but as a community of Jesus followers devoted to participating in his mission.9As youth doer we need to begin to see our work with the young people as us participating in the mission of God by fulfilling the work of reconciliation and restoration of all creation back to Him and also saving hope to the world. Any aim different from this thus nitty-gritty that God is not at the centre of our mission but us toilsome to do our own agenda. It is okay for youth players to have an agenda but the sole purpose must be for our young people to go on the good news, Booker writes we need to try to connect our missions with Gods agenda and activity in mission10. It is very vital that as youth workers that we are very clear about what the mission of God is all about before we engage the young people in it.Bosch referring to Aagaard writes Mission was understood as being derived from the very nature of God. It wa s thus put in the context of the doctrine of the Trinity, not ecclesiology or soteriology. The classical doctrine on the mission Dei as God the Father sending the give-and-take, and God the Father and the Son sending the Spirit was expanded to include yet another(prenominal) movement Father, Son, and Holy Spirit sending the church into the world.11Hirsch Frost argues that we need to finished the paradigm of the mission Dei to find the sent and sending God.12As part of the evangelistic task, youth workers need to beginning to help the young people find God through Jesus in the work that they do with them, through the teaching, worship, plea and all our activities. A classic exemplification that the youth worker can use will be the Lords prayer in Matthew 6 vs 9 -13, Jesus taught his disciple how to see the beat through the model of prayer.In the pluralistic society there is a need to hold out the young people to believe in the word of God. However, in an age of rising seculari sm, the current focus of the youth worker is to reach out to the young people before they get it only form a secular/humanist belief system or get taken in by other faiths in their search for meaning. Youth worker need to help the young person to know how to belong in order to get a taster of the relationship with Jesus because in belonging they encounter God which is the whole purpose of the mission Dei.13The Christian mission is about incarnation and crucifixion, and they both go cave in in hand. Incarnation is about meeting people were they are with the gospel of the cross. God showed us the example to follow when he sent his Son into the world to pay the price for our sin. The gospel of John chapter 114 states The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of forgiveness and truth14Hirsch stated if Gods exchange way of compass his world was to incarnate himself in Jesus, then our way of reaching the world should as well as be incarnational15As youth workers, we need to begin to identify with the young people we are working with or trying to reach by moving into their world so that we are able to clearly see their challenges and struggles in order to know how to instalively direct our missional task of reaching them for God. Frost argues that we must take seriously the call to live incarnationally-right up close, near to those whom God desires to redeem.16This was further argued by Hirsch(s) that as youth worker we need to move out of our normal religious zones into our local community and be part of it, this may mean going into the school or anywhere were the young people gathers and guide them to find the redeeming grace of God.17As stated by Dave Newton, we need to get alongside young people and their needs in order to demonstrate Gods love.18The youth workers will work with them rather than work for them in their journey of making a decision regarding faith. According to Bosch, The chur ches, by and large have an underdeveloped divinity fudge of the incarnation while the churches of the east have always taken the incarnation more(prenominal) seriously19mission Dei has now been submerged under the sack theology. The liberation theology is about the people to the structure while incarnation theology is for both the unique cognitive satisfy of Christ and the messenger to be incarnated within the culture being reached. Paul summarise the incarnational message in 1 Corinthian 9 19-23 that for the sake of the gospel he will pop off all things to every tribe, people or culture as long as he is able to win as many as possible. Graham Cray writes Youth ministry has catch a matter of cross-cultural mission. It involves get in into the young peoples world and honouring them by taking it as seriously as they do.20As youth workers, we need to be creative and imaginative in our missionary work amongst the young people, in the way we present the message of the cross to them we need to help them to find Christ were they are and equip them to be agents of his kingdom.21The whole message of the New volition is Christ making an effect on humanity through the redemptive power of redemption. John 316 show us how the ever giving God through incarnation brought Christ out to the whole world. In summary, Incarnational ministry essentially means taking the church to the people, rather than bringing people to the church.22We dont have to do church the way we have always do it23, youth workers needs to take the gospel to the place where our young people are ground in our local community most especially in the current changing trend in youth culture that is church needs to be done inside out as the previous trend of let them come to us will not work with the current culture.Mission as Evangelism is essential for creating communities of believers. Bosch gives a good definition of evangelism when he writes Mission includes evangelism as one of its essential dimensions. Evangelism is the proclamation of salvation in Christ to those who do not believe in him, calling them to repentance and conversion, announcing forgiveness of sin, and inviting them to become living members of Christs earthly community and to begin a life of go to others in the power of the Holy Spirit2425Paul, in his ministry, ensured that the new Christian community would have a solid ethical and moral modeling for making decisions. In a world where religious competition was passing high (with the large number of pagan cults), a theological modelling was absolutely necessary to spread the Christian faith that way, parents could be the get-go to evangelize their young people and pass a complete model of faith downward through the generations. It is possible that such a complete framework led to the eventual dominance of Christianity in Europe and its heroism in modern times when there was no long-run any threat of convert or be killed and pagans are no longer bur ned at the stake. The thoroughness of Pauls mission practice is that he was not content merely with evangelism and church planting but was concerned to build be on communities of believers who could think biblically through the ethical issues they faced in the ambient culture.26Bosch was very clear when he said that Evangelism is only possible when the community that evangelizes is a radiant manifestation of the Christian faith and exhibits an attractive lifestyle.27Our youth people do not just want to hear words from us but wants to see us live out our lifestyle in a way that attracts them to the faith we are proclaiming. James 2 measure 18 But someone will say, You have faith I have deeds. Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by what I do.28Youth workers need to understand that for their missionary task towards the young people to have relate, relationships must be developed amongst the young people. Jesus our role model kept reminding us of the relati onship he had with his own Father, the whole of his ministry on earth flowed from this relationship with the people he encounter (Christians and non Christians alike) as well as his disciples. The whole of the New Testament shows us that relationship is very important in our mission to impact the life of our neighbours and to reconcile the broken relationship with the Father. Sudworth et al citing Mike Breen writes, Relationships are the only means we have of enabling and encouraging young people to reach maturity in their physical, emotional, social and spiritual lives.29Youth workers need create an environment or community where they could practice the presence right under the young peoples noses we need to look for ways to make God present for the young people we are serving. Hirsh made us understand presence highlights the role of relationships in mission. If relationship is the key means in the transfer of the gospel, then it simply means we are going to have to be directly pre sent to the people in our circle. Our very lives are our message and we cannot take ourselves out of the equation of mission.30The kingdom of God was central to Christ wider mission.Word Count 5438