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Questions: Which Factors Led To Diminishing Sugarcane Yield In Australia? What Are The Effects Of Diminished Sugarcane Yields To Farmers In Australia? What Are The Impacts Of Diminished Sugarcane Yields To Millers In Australia? What Is The Effect Of Diminished Sugarcane Yields To The Economy Of Australia? Which Are The Long-Term Solutions To Increase Sugarcane Yield In Australia? Answers: Introduction. The purpose of this particular paper or report is to critically analyze the diminishing of sugarcane yields in Australia. To start with, it is important to note that agriculture has been one of the key pillars of economy in Australia. The farming of sugarcane as well as processing of harvested sugarcane has been widely done in Australia. The sugarcane industry in Australia is located along the eastern coastline (Marylene, 2014). This is based on a wide land coverage with about 4000 elements of cane farming in Australia. Mainly, these farms are possessed by family partners along with other sole proprietors. Apart from sugarcane farming, the country has specialized in processing these cane in the industries. Therefore, this fact give rise to numerous millers. The structure of these millers is based on a different ownership unlike the sugarcane farms. The millers are owned by public entity, cooperatives as well as some private company whose shares are limited by guarantee. The sugarcane industry in Australia deals with several major products. Some of these products include the raw crystal sugar that is highly purchased by refineries both locally as well through exportation. Basically, this industry become the most reliable aspect in the rural areas of Australia. Actually, it is rated as the largest business activity carried out in Australian up countries (Maslow, 2013). According to one of the major producers of sugarcane, Queensland rural area produces approximately 4 tonnes of raw sugar, about a million tonnes of molasses along with ten million tonnes of bagasse. This is what a single rural area can produce in a single year. This clearly indicate the extent by which sugarcane industry in Australia have developed. The other aspect in sugarcane industry in Australia involves the concept of green energy. The main advantage of sugar mills in Australia is that these mills are self-sufficient and sustaining in energy. This is cost effective as long as mill ing process is concerned. This concept has enabled the country to reduce the emission and effects of greenhouse gases effects. In addition, there are some industrial changes in sugarcane industry in Australia. The several realization processes that these industries have undergone in processing as well as production process have encouraged the farmers and millers to increase the production in the last decade (McGregor, 2012). A lot of people have been employed in these industries and the country economic condition has been sustaining altogether. However, for the last few years, the farming and production of sugarcane in Australia has been affected by many factors that results to diminishing of sugarcane yield in Australia. These factors have affected the economy in the rural areas. This particular report clearly researches on those factors that lowers the production of sugarcane in Australia. A general overview of these factors includes varying rainfall as well as changes in temperature as a result of reduced adaptive capacity, there has been increased vulnerability in the natural hazards and inaccurate forecasting and time series analysis on mitigation strategies. In addition, the cost of inputs used in sugarcane production has increased significantly, the production costs involved has as well increased along with low prices of canes to local farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to form a research baseline for the diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia by assessing these factors along with other factors. Problem statement: By researching the degenerated soil properties and to access the solution of old and new fields (Skjemstad, Taylor Janik, 1995). The introductory investigations it has been stated by observing the age i.e. (grown sugarcoat to not less than two decades of longtime beneath a blazed stick system)? Also, the new land of cane sugar must be noted by contrasting dirt properties. Generally, those particular types of impacts have been stated that the former sugar coat yields have been degraded and mixed with various elements (Bramley et al; 2002, skjemstad et al; 1995). Despite that the properties of the clay are differed with the enormous issues like the nature of land, climatic conditions, percentage of fertility and supply of adequate amount of water. Soil corruption might have been the most effective reason for the decrease of sugar cane yields. There has been reduction in the production of sugarcane that have affected the amount of sugarcane and the subsidiary products in the mills in Australia. For the last few decades, the sugarcane production and yield in Australia had indicated an upward trend in the rural economy as well as other areas in Australia. This has been demonstrated by many factors such as high production in sugarcane farms in rural areas such as Queensland. As a result, a lot of corporations, private investors as well as public entities constructed mills to accommodate the large sugarcane productions. However, in the last few years, there has been diminishing yield in sugarcane in Australia. This is the problem under consideration in this particular research project report. These factors that reduced the yield in sugarcane production in Australia are based on internal as well as external factors. Typically, a general overview of these challenges such as varying rainfall as well as changes in temperature as a result of low adaptive capacity. In addition, there has been a significant rise on vulnerability in the natural hazards. Again, inaccurate forecasting and time series analysis on mitigation strategies also played a major role in diminishing the sugarcane yields in Australia. Moreover, the cost of inputs used in sugarcane production as well as other relevant equipment have increased significantly. Finally, the production costs involved has as well increased along with low prices of canes to local farmers. Hence, the purpose of this report is to form a research baseline for the diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia by assessing these factors along with other factors. This will assist all stakeholders in this field of industry to mitigate this kind of a problem asserted in this report. Research aim. The main aim of this report is to reveal factors that tend to diminish sugarcane yield in Australia. With those factors at hand, all the relevant stakeholders in this sector will be in a proper and ultimate position to devise ways and strategies to mitigate these challenges. Therefore, these research aims at setting a recommendation mechanism of what factors to be considered so as to mitigate the diminishing sugarcane yield that has been demonstrated in Australia (Santos, 2015). This will be very important to rural farmers in Australia as well as all prominent and potential millers in Australia altogether. Research objectives. The following objectives will be necessary and very crucial in completion of this particular research. These objectives can be based as either general research objectives or the specific research objectives. General objectives. To determine factors causing low sugarcane production in Australia. To determine the challenges affecting sugarcane production in rural areas in Australia. To determine the strategies that can be used to increase sugar cane production in Australia. To mitigate problems affecting sugarcane production in Australia. Specific objectives. To investigate how better output in sugarcane sector can be achieve. To find out reasons for low prices of canes to the farmers. Quality of soil: The overall productivity of the yield irrespective of the sugar cane i.e. almost all varieties of agro based products (Agricultural products) depends upon the fertility of the soil or clay and its environmental conditions Availability of water: It is an important aspect that the considerable amount of water leads to the enrichment of soil and rise in productivity Involvement of fertilizers to destroy parasites that infect the yields: The soil requires the attention at regular intervals of time in case it left for unattended there is a surge chance of infecting the microbial organisms which eradicates the plantation area. Filtration of the crop: The surface of the portion of land must be filtered twice for a span of three months that which set for free before spraying the chemicals Differentiation of cost in the yield for a span of two years: For a span of two years, the differentiation of cost in the yield has been increasing. This could be associated to the high cost of production in sugarcane industry (Thomas, 2009). This can be indicated by the trend on future sugar forward curve below. The volume and price in the curve indicate a fall in the last quarter of the first year. Then the following year, the curve indicates a positive trend that finally falls slightly in the last quarter of the following year. Justification and potential output of the research. As asserted in the context above, the aim of this research involves the underlying factors in determining various aspects that result to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia. Therefore, explaining these factors into detail may assist this research to gain full justification and accurate potential output. To start with, one of this factor is high production cost. In any industry or businesses, the cost of production need to remain minimized (Galloway, 2007). This is important because any industry has an objective of generating profits from the daily operations of the industry. This in simple term describe that the assets of any industry must surpass to a great extent the liabilities of that industry by applying all means possible. This again implies that, the income column generated by any industry must be higher than the expenses column. However, for this research, the production cost of sugarcane industry in Australia have increased and most farmers are unable to support the whole process (Taubes, 2016). This result to diminishing sugarcane yields since the entire process is not sustaining to all stakeholders involved. Another factor that can justify the diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia is associated to the area under which the farmers have been practicing extensive sugarcane production. These areas have been affected by adverse climatic conditions in terms of rainfall production as well as temperature changes (Ryan Deci, 2017). From the data below, we can clearly demonstrate how these areas have been producing sugarcane for a couple of years. Area harvested for milling (Hectares) If we conduct an analysis of this data, we can demonstrate the trend of sugarcane harvested for milling for the five years span. The graph below can demonstrate the anticipated trend. From the graph analyzed below, the trend in production of sugarcane in the four main sugarcane producers clearly indicate the trend in sugarcane production. Most of these areas indicate an upward trend in area harvested for milling. Therefore, for the analyzed five years, the expectation of this trend is that more sugarcane yields will be recommended in these areas. Queens Land indicate the highest area harvested for milling in the five years span. However, the diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia still remain due to others factors despite the upward trend among areas used for sugarcane production. Area of production Finally, the other justification that may result to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia is based in the price of cane paid to local farmers. The key milestone in agricultural sector is the farmer who dwell day in day out to see the success of the products under consideration. Therefore, the main shareholder of agricultural sector is the farmer (Raffray, 2011). Therefore, a corresponding profit share as well need to go back to that farmers on equitable grounds. However, what happens on the ground is the contrary. A lot of wealth generated in this sector is shared by middlemen while the key player, that is, the farmer, is left with a very small proportion. Connecting that information to this scenario, then in Australia, farmers have been neglected when it comes to payment of sugarcane production (James, 2007). Low prices of canes produced lenders the sustainability of the farmers unbearable. Many of these farmers tend to lower production so as to cut down production costs. As a re sult, the diminished sugarcane yield is recorded in Australia. Conceptual framework. The conceptual framework in this research project is based in the following independent variables. The prices of sugarcane by the farmers to the millers. The area cover by sugarcane farms by main sugarcane producers in Australia. The proportion of sugarcane subjected to private mills, public mills as well as corporations mills. The relevant factors that need to be put in place to reverse the diminishing sugarcane yields in Australia. From the above independent variables, if the yield of sugarcane in Australia will not clearly address these independent variables, then we anticipate a further decline in sugarcane yields in Australia (Williams, 2006). Otherwise, if these independent variables are well mitigated, then there will be more yield in the next few years. Research Methodologies: In the past, there has been previous researches that addressed the diminishing sugarcane yields from other areas of the globe. However, many of the factors that contributed to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia, tend to be similar to those of other areas. According to the research that was conducted in Kenya for instance, there is a clear positive correlation on factors that affected sugarcane in Kenya and Australia. These factors include high production costs, low payment to farmers, adverse climatic conditions associated to drought and at time flood (Pankhurst, Magarey, Stirling, Blair, Bell, Garside, 2003). Borrowing some of the strategies used to mitigate these challenges in Kenya can as well help to reduce the sugarcane challenges that result to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia. Therefore, Australia agricultural sector need to check on inputs used in production as well as better payment to farmers to motivate the entire process as Kenyan agricultural sector did to mitigate the reduction of sugarcane yield. Plantation of sugarcane by F.B.D (Flat Bed Method, Garside et al (2003) Flat bed strategy is one of the major technique which is used for the planting of sugar cane it involves the process of digging the total proportion of land in the systematic way befor The beds are placed (Bramley, Ellis, Nable Garside, 1996). Sticks are arranged in the vertical position in the form of lines which varies up to 60 to 90 cm. Squeezing process is done by hands or legs and covered with soil. Literature Review: A huge exertion has been connected to evaluate the clay compaction in the sugar cane industry which are located at the Queens Land Australia (Dr. Mike Braunack et al; 2010). Cane sugar production is suitable for ideal soil which has more fertility. The core motto or mission in this particular research is to offer quality and accurate results for the research. Therefore, a well-established comprehension of the research along with enhancement of knowledge helps to have efficient, effective and appropriate completion of the research project via construction of proper and accurate outcome of the research project (Richard, 2013). In addition, analysis of data as well as analysis of other relevant and correlating aspects are helpful so as to incorporate the application of various models and relevant theories so as to process accurate information as well as shedding reflections of the literature gap. Finally, previous attempts have been applied to investigate likely loopholes along with other gaps consisted in the theories and models (Gioia, Corley Hamilton, 2013). Collectively, the models and these theories are utilized in this research project. There is a need to have further detailed research with the objective of gathering outcom es as per the anticipated recommendations and according to the results desired by the completion of the project. Data Collection Method: There are several methods used to collect data in this research. First, there was observations of farms or areas used in production of sugarcane in Australia. This method enabled us to see the nature of land required to undertake sugarcane farming process. Again, sample surveys and questionnaire study was conducted. Sugarcane industry in Australia has employed more than 16,000 employees (Magarey, Yip, Bull Johnson, 1995). Out of these population, 2000 workers are located in Queens Land. Therefore, we use a sample size of 200. Out of 200 workers, 145 of them agreed to the fact that present diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia is associate to high cost of production while the rest of the sample did not clearly indicate what factors attributed to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia. Quantitative Analysis The statistical data of the cane sugar industries produced in Australia are given below over a span of 5 years at the different locations all over across Australia Conclusion: The plantation i.e. (sugar) has been spread widely with more innovations and technologies by maintaining constant soil nutrients. In this research any organizations outside the Australia has not been considered due to the uneven atmospheric conditions and availability of water and rainfall in all the regions. It only concentrates the crops that has been placed inside the Australia even if it varies different states (Gaston, 2014). Usage of wide number of machines and techniques have been adopted to enlarge the production which would be applicable to many industries. In conclusion, this particular research project is very important to agricultural sector in Australia regarding sugarcane production. The contextual research questions and objectives have been very crucial in this research (Ford Bristow, 1995). Therefore, the aim of this project is to see the implementation of proper strategies to mitigate the reduced sugarcane yield that have been witnessed in Australia over the last couple of years. The several realization processes that these industries have undergone in processing as well as production processes. This will have encouraged the farmers and millers to increase the production in the future. A lot of people who have been employed in these industries will be able to appreciate the countrys economic conditions and their nature of work altogether. 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